Introduction: One of the best and most effective ways to care and prevent adverse effects in premature infants is to actively engage mothers in caring for an infant. The present study aims at investigating the relationship between Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) and NEONATAL OUTCOMES. Methods: This descriptive study was 600 infants and mothers. This study used the convenience sampling method. All mothers were taught the importance of KMC referred to the ward on the first day. The data collection tool was a researcher-made self-made questionnaire including demographic information of neonate, mother, and NEONATAL OUTCOMES. Finally, the data were given to the software SPSS16, mothers were divided for Presence into two groups (more than twice (330 people) and at most once into two (270 people)). Results: There was no difference between the demographic variables in the two groups. Concerning the NEONATAL OUTCOMES such as the frequency of KMC, neonate weight gain, neonate hospitalization period, re-hospitalization, neonate’ s need for oxygen therapy, sepsis, neonate’ s oxygen dependency, and hypoglycemia decreased in group 1 significantly compared to group 2. There was no significant difference between the two groups of neonates regarding the incidence of IVH and jaundice NEONATAL. Conclusions: Encouraging mothers to engage in the process of KMC leads to potentially positive and actual effects on premature infants admitted to NICU.

Introduction: To study the effect of calcium supplementation in pregnancy on NEONATAL Apgar scores and anthropometric indices.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 1513 pregnant women attending delivery services in the five hospitals (Shohada, Valieasr, Mariam, Lolagar, Akbarabadi) in Tehran and Imam Khomeini hospital in Noor city in north of Iran. Subjects completed a questionnaire that included demographic characteristics and consumption of supplements during pregnancy, then the anthropometric indices and infant’s Apgar score after five minutes was extracted from the newborns files. Of 1513 pregnant women, 835 (55.2%), consumed at least 500 mg of calcium supplements every other day from the18th week through the end of pregnancy.Results: In 1513 infants born in this study, average weight, height, head circumference and Apgar score after five minutes were: 3305.97±451.29 g, 49.99±2.22 cm, 34.12±1.63 cm, and 8.85±0.61 respectively. To evaluate the effect of calcium supplementation on these indices, first we performed T-Test analysis, which showed that it had no significant impact on any of the indices. To assess the impact of all potentially effective factors on NEONATAL Apgar scores and anthropometric indices, linear logistic regression analysis was used and factors (maternal age (>35 and<18), number of pregnancies, preeclampsia, body mass index (BMI), multivitamin supplements, preterm labor, passive smoking, along with calcium supplementation were included in the model. just for birth weight analysis, history of low birth weight was included in the model. Among all the factors studied, for birth weight: preeclampsia (p-value: 0.004, Beta: -2.89), BMI (p-value: 0.002, Beta: +3.10), preterm labor (p-value: 0.00, Beta: -17.20), for height of infants: preeclampsia (p-value: 0.001, Beta: -3.43), preterm labor (p-value: 0.00, Beta: -15.89), for head circumference in newborns: preeclampsia (p-value: 0.030, Beta: -2.20), multivitamin (p-value: 0.00, Beta: +4.16), passive smoking (p-value: 0.00, Beta: +4.00) and preterm labor (p-value: 0.00, Beta: -16.31), and for 5th minute Apgar scores: maternal age (>35 and<18) number of pregnancies (p-value: 0.02, Beta: +2.22), preeclampsia preterm labor (p-value: 0.00, Beta: -8.10), had statistically significant relations.Conclusion: Overall, the results obtained in this study showed no significant relationship between calcium supplementation in pregnancy and improving NEONATAL Apgar scores or anthropometric indices. But preterm labor and preeclampsia were the most effective factors, influencing these indices.

Introduction: Few studies to date have shown the adverse effects of prolonged latent phase. Related factors, maternal and fetal OUTCOMES of prolonged latent phase were studied in order to prevent these effects. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 224 women were assessed at Shohada hospital by using questionnaire, examination and follow up to calculate the latent phase duration up to 3cm dilatation. Results: Of the total, 22.8% had prolonged latent phase and there was no difference in the maternal and fetal age/weight, gravid and parity. 41.2% were nulipars. None of the cases had delivery trauma, but 4 out of 7 meconium aspirated cases, 2 out of 6 hospital admissions, and both the 2 cases admitted in NICU were in prolonged latent phase group. None of the infants in this group had APGAR less than 8. There was no significant difference between APGAR<6 and meconium aspiration cases in the two groups. Massive post partum bleeding, cesarean section, and fever during/after delivery showed a significant difference. Other variables didn’t show any significant difference. Parity had a direct correlation in the normal group and indirect correlation in theprolonged latent phase duration group. Conclusion: Maternal age and weight, gravid, parity, infantile weight, gender and gestational age have no effect on latent phase duration. The more the parity, the more prolonged the latent phase and this leads to more cases of cesarean section, fever during/after delivery and post-partum bleeding.

Background: Pregnancy may be the only time that a woman presents for medical care and when an opioid use disorder can be identified and treated. Objectives: The aim of this study, determination of maternal and NEONATAL OUTCOMES in mothers using opioids. Methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out on 159 pregnant women who used opioids and 474 healthy subjects in Kamali Hospital in Karaj from 2014 to 2017. The data were collected using a checklist, containing social, midwifery, obstetric, and NEONATAL data. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19. Results: In the present study, there were no significant differences between the two exposed and non-exposed groups in terms of mean age, pregnancy/maternal characteristics; however, there were significant differences in terms of weight gain and care services (P < 0. 001). The frequency of all kinds of drugs; Methamphetamine with 27. 7%; heroin with 25. 8%; and opium with 24. 5% were the most consumed drugs. Among the newborns in the two groups, the first and fifth minutes of Apgar score, weight, and admission were significant (P < 0. 001). The prevalence of infants less than 2500 in the group faces 21. 4% in contrast to 3. 4% in the non-exposed group. Conclusions: Given the increasing number of mothers consuming Opioids within pregnancy and the irreparable side effects of these drugs, it is important to pay attention to this and to provide coping strategies.

Objectives: Fetal cardiac arrhythmia has good prognosis. However, some can lead to hydrops fetalis and perinatal mortality. There are not sufficient studies on the prevalence and complications of fetal arrhythmias in Iran, thus, making parents anxious. Therefore, we performed this study to determine its proper management and to prevent its complications during pregnancy. Then we can help parents by giving them sufficient information about their fetal problem.Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study included 81 pregnant women with fetal arrhythmia detected in routine monitoring. For cases, we performed fetal echocardiography. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 (P<0.05).Results: This study assessed the fetal period until 28 days after labor. Fetal arrhythmia was confirmed in 37 cases through echocardiography. The most prevalent arrhythmia was extrasystole with 27 cases (72.97%). Two cases with congenital heart disease experienced heart failure and hydrops fetalis and died in NEONATAL period and 25 cases survived. Eight cases had bradycardia including 5 with sinus bradycardia and 3 with atrioventricular block. Seven cases had congenital heart problems and 4 of them led to heart failure. Perinatal mortality was seen in six cases. Tachycardia was seen in two cases (5.4%) with no heart failure or hydrops fetalis. One case died of preterm delivery.Conclusion: Congenital heart disease is considered as an important risk, affecting fetal and NEONATAL outcome in fetuses with arrhythmias. As pregnancy advances, the frequency of arrhythmias decreased and converted to sinus rhythm.

Introduction: One of the major problems of the fetus is the excretion of the contents of the fetal intestine in the amniotic fluid sac or the amniotic fluid stained with meconium. If the time of stained with meconium is long or if the meconium is thick, it leads to serious risks for the mother and the fetus. The present study was conducted with aim to investigate the prevalence of babies born with meconial stained amniotic fluid and the associated maternal and fetal complications. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a period of 6 months (Dec 2014 to June 2015) on 1383 women with a singleton pregnancy and a gestational age of more than 28 weeks who had referred to Omolbanian Hospital in Mashhad due to the onset of labor pains. The investigated information included: mother's age, gestational age, number of pregnancies, mode of delivery, amniotic fluid condition, baby's gender, baby's Apgar, ABG (arterial blood gas), birth weight and the need for baby resuscitation. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software (version 22) and t-test and chi-square statistical tests. P< 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the present study, out of 1383 cases of normal delivery, 114 cases had meconium-stained amniotic fluid (prevalence of 8. 2%). The number of cesarean section was higher in the thick meconial group (26 cases (%43. 3)) compared to thin meconial group (9 cases (16. 7%)) (p=0. 002). The amount of abnormal ABG was 10 cases (8. 7%) in the meconial group, of which 6 cases (5. 2%) were in the fetal distress group. The amount of abnormal ABG was 8%, which was significantly higher in the thick meconial group (p=0. 002). First minute Apgar less than 7 was more in the thick meconial group (p=0. 01) and 5th minute Apgar had no difference between the two groups. There were no cases of convulsions or death of infant in the two groups. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of amniotic fluid stained with meconium was 8. 2%. Although the rate of cesarean delivery was higher in the thick meconial group, there was no significant difference in fetal distress in the thick and thin meconial groups. Considering the complications of cesarean section for the mother, natural delivery can be a choice method in these mothers and cesarean section is limited to cases of fetal distress or thick meconium far from delivery.

Context: COVID-19 is a serious threat to the world as a whole, and pregnant women are at increased risk of the infection. Objectives: In the present study, we have reviewed the OUTCOMES of neonates of pregnant women with COVID-19. Data Sources: We searched Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from December 2019 to April 2020. The search was conducted using the following keywords: COVID-19, newborn, NEONATAL mortality, NEONATAL morbidity, pregnant women, pregnancy outcome, or combinations of these keywords. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were all English language articles about COVID-19 in pregnant women and OUTCOMES of pregnancy. Review articles were excluded because of reporting repetitive articles. Study Selection: Two researchers independently screened the titles of all recorded citations, removed duplicate records, and distinguished potentially relevant studies for inclusion. Then, abstracts of selected citations were independently reviewed by two researchers for further relevance, with full-text manuscripts retrieved as appropriate. In disagreement cases, a third consultant was asked to act as an intervener. Results: In total, 6 articles had inclusion criteria. Newborns were examined by laboratory methods, including; the pharyngeal swab specimens, throat swab specimen, amniotic fluid, cord blood, breast milk. The NEONATAL complications such as a slight increase in the myocardial enzyme, fever, tachycardia, thrombocytopenia, vomiting and pneumothorax, shortness of breath, mild pulmonary infection, transient tachypnea and the skin rashes higher concentrations of IgG and IgM are reported. The shortness of breath was the most frequent clinical first symptom among neonates. Conclusions: There are strong ambiguities concerning the vertical transmission from mother to fetus. Extensive research is needed to resolve ambiguities about the virus and its impact on pregnancy OUTCOMES.

To describe antenatal maternal complications and NEONATAL OUTCOMES caused by gestational diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Obs & Gynae), Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, over a the period of one year, from January 1 to December 31, 2003. Fifty pregnant women diagnosed by glucose tolerance tests as diabetics were enrolled as study subjects and followed regularly at the Obs & Gynae out-patient department. Blood glucose levels were controlled by diet per se or with insulin and subjects were hospitalized for insulin dose adjustment and management of complications. Feotal well being was assessed by ultrasound, kick count and cardiotocography. Time and mode of delivery was decided upon at 36th week of gestation.Intra-partum maternal blood glucose level was monitored and fetal monitoring was done by external cardiotocography.Results: Out of a total of 1429 women delivered, 50(3.5%) were diagnosed as GDM and studied. Forty-four (88%) patients were above 25 years of age and 38(76%) were multiparous. Thirty-two (64%) subjects required insulin to control GDM. Most frequent maternal and feotal complications were polyhydramnios 9(18%) and macrosomia 18(36%), respectively. One out of fifty subjects had a spontaneous miscarriage and one had intrauterine death. Caesarean section was done in 29(58%) patients. Total number of babies delivered alive were 48(96%).Conclusion: GDM was diagnosed in 3.5% of pregnant women. Most of the subjects were above 25 years and multiparous. Most common maternal complication was polyhydramnios and caesarean section was a common mode of delivery. Macrosomia and jaundice were most prominent complications among neonates.